It is generally agreed that this sort of unselfish behavior is sometimes required by morality, although there is considerable disagreement as to how much of it is required. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Even though most of these pregnancies in the case of such a massive defect require termination, especially since many of the children are born stillborn or die immediately after birth, the parents decided to have Baby Theresa in the hopes that her organs could be used to help other children in need. Personally, when thinking of rationality in moral decision-making, this seems like the most reasonable choice. Flashcards of Key Terms. Accord-ing to the Theory of Natural Law, beneficence is natural for Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and what it means. Argue the absurdity doesn't really follow, 1. Over his career, Rachels wrote 5 books and 85 essays, edited 7 books and gave about 275 professional lectures. Suggestions Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 13.4. It seems as though it is difficult for many to think about morality in terms of nature and science and for this reason the theory has gone by the wayside. I now say that the big bang occurred 13.7 billion, not 15 billion, years ago. In chapter 4 of James Rachels and Stuart Rachels book, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, the authors examine the philosophical question whether morality depends on religion. Such infants usually die within a few days of being born. However, the book covers only 4 major ethical theories: utilitarianism, deontology, virtue theory and natural law theory. class before, so I was very interested in learning about different philosophies. SS could not explain moral disagreements because once it interpreted moral jusdgements as statements about attitudesk the disagreement vanished. People hoard food, arm themselves, and lock out their neighbors. JAMES RACHELS THE ELEMENTS OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY CHAPTER 7 : THE UTILITARIAN APPROACH Given our present perspective, it is amazing that Christian ethics down through the centuries could have accepted almost unanimously the sententious doctrine that "the end does not justify the means." In this chapter I examine his reactions to some views of moral philosophy that he scrutinized with great care. James Rachels’ The Elements of Moral Philosophy Lecture notes by Dan Gaskill . Philosophy is a discipline and a process. Elements Of Moral Philosophy 5th Edition by James Rachels available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. As the chapter from “Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels continues, we find that the Swedish official and even Mother Theresa—the epitome of altruism—had selfish motivations for what they did. Thirteen thought-provoking chapters introduce readers to major moral concepts and theories in philosophy through clear, understandable explanations and … Some Surprising Insights on Birth Control and Contraception Practices in China, Analysis and Summary of "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" by John Maynard Keynes, An Analysis of Theories in Science and Applications in Psychology, Analysis and Review of The Liberalism of Fear, Analysis of Books V-VII of Plato’s Republic, Balanced, Non-Ethnocentric Cross-Cultural Mediation in the Era of Globalization, Analysis of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes and Commentary on Political Philosophy. The elements of moral philosophy. These revelations completely break down what we thought we knew about heroic deeds and it becomes apparent that generally, the theory of psychological egoism is actually quite a feasible idea. They noted that in popular thinking, morality and religion are inseparable and that people generally accept that morality can be understood only in the framework of religion. There are some aspects of Hume's moral philosophy that have led certain of his critics to believe that he advocated a purely selfish as well as individualistic conception of morals. For instance, if another culture was committing genocide, for instance, under the idea of cultural relativism we would just understand it as not something wrong, but just something culturally diverse. Chapter Three of “Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels deals specifically with the definition and evolution of the term and meaning of ethical subjectivism. The Elements of Moral Philosophy is a 1986 ethics textbook by the philosophers James Rachels and Stuart Rachels.It explains a number of moral theories and topics, including cultural relativism, subjectivism, divine command theory, ethical egoism, social contract theory, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and deontology.The book uses real-life examples in explaining the theories. Log in Sign up. As James Rachels states in “Elements of Moral Philosophy" the first evolution of the theory was developed by Hume who stated that morality is merely sentiment and is not fact. Chapter 4 Of “The Elements Of Moral Philosophy” By James The Most Important Reason For Punishing Someone Essay. THE ELEMENTS OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY his own And because the may about any alleged act kindness, can Psychological Egoism must be true. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism (1861) They noted that in popular thinking, morality and religion are inseparable and that people generally accept that morality can be understood only in the framework of religion. This also means that there are no universal truths in ethics, everyone’s culture is different and it can be only be understood within the context of that particular culture. In chapter 4 of James Rachels and Stuart Rachels book, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, the authors examine the philosophical question whether morality depends on religion. He suggests that it is flawed because we think it is irrefutable and we then turn everything around to make it seem as though it is provable. Moral Philosophy 152 summary written in 2016. The problem with cultural relativism is that as an argument it does not make sense. This sparked a great deal of controversy and ethicists raised a number of questions. The Elements of Moral Philosophy by James Rachels and Stuart Rachels is a best-selling text for undergraduate courses in ethics.Thirteen thought-provoking chapters introduce readers to major moral concepts and theories in philosophy through clear, understandable explanations and compelling discussions. Responsibility James Rachels. Hobbes did not think this was mere speculation. Self-Quiz. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, in Three Books with a Brief Account of the Nature, Progress, and Origin of Philosophy, ed. we believe in different things, both of which cannot be true (…. 1. The Elements of Moral Philosophy by James Rachels and Stuart Rachels is a best-selling text for undergraduate courses in ethics.Thirteen thought-provoking chapters introduce readers to major moral concepts and theories in philosophy through clear, understandable explanations and compelling discussions. Gravity. eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'articlemyriad_com-box-4','ezslot_4',261,'0','0']));“Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels Chapter 2 Summary. It explains a number of moral theories and topics, including cultural relativism, subjectivism, divine command theory, ethical egoism, social contract theory, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and deontology. James Rachels’ The Elements of Moral Philosophy Lecture notes by Dan Gaskill . The Elements of Moral Philosophy Chapter 4 summary : Does Morality Depend on Religion? The Elements of Moral Philosophy ... lasfifty years in Chapter 1 • Broadened dialogue on monogamy in Chapter 2 • Expanded discussion of homosexuality in Chapter 3 • Updated account of Classical Utilitarianism that explains what “equal consideration” is at the beginning of Chapter 8 eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'articlemyriad_com-banner-1','ezslot_6',361,'0','0']));“Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels Chapter 3 Summary. Socrates’ skeptical question of whether conduct is right because the gods command it or whether the gods command it … ... it can also require us to act in ways that can greatly harm others. When we turn this into an argument, however, it is clear that there are both positive and negative aspects to seeing things in a more culturally-open way. Imprint Boston : McGraw-Hill, c2003. We must make decisions and think about moral issues on grounds that are more substantial than feeling, they must also be provable and backed up by solid fact rather than varied opinions. COUPON: Rent The Elements of Moral Philosophy 7th edition (9780078038242) and save up to 80% on textbook rentals and 90% on used textbooks. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as … “Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels Chapter 5. A summary of Part X (Section4) in Immanuel Kant's Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Moral Philosophy 152 notes from 2016 Courses, subjects, and textbooks for your search: Press Enter to view all search results ... Summary Summary Chapter 7: The Utilitarian Approach. Two more examples, one of conjoined twins and another involved a father’s murder of his daughter who was barely functioning because of cerebral palsy. The theory of natural law seems to be more based in reason but there are still problems inherent to it. “Elements of Moral Philosophy" by James Rachels : Chapter 1 Summary. Search. Upgrade to remove ads. My email address is srachels@bama.ua.edu. In “Elements of Moral Philosophy" James Rachels questions this process of gleaning moral information from religion solely and takes this almost automatic assumption to task in the several sections of the chapter. Hegel's Elements of the Philosophy of Right - edited by David James February 2017 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. In general, emotivism looks at the same issues on the level of language. Even pity cannot be left out of this equation since as Hobbes mentions, pity is so powerful because we “feel" another person’s pain—that is, we think of ourselves and how we would feel in such a situation. The Moral Community 200 13.5. The Elements of Moral Philosophy 9e by James Rachels and Stuart Rachels is a best-selling text for undergraduate courses in ethics. Utilitarianism: MRA is the act whose consequences bring into the world the greatest total amount of happiness (after subtracting any unhappiness caused) a. Furthermore, as “Elements of Moral Philosophy" suggests, what if these are simply arbitrary commandments—what if God had commanded that we all accept murder, for example? Chapter Summary. In chapter 4 of James Rachels and Stuart Rachels book, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, the authors examine the philosophical question whether morality depends on religion. The new version is 778 words shorter. Study The Elements of Moral Philosophy discussion and chapter questions and find The Elements of Moral Philosophy study guide questions and answers. Rachels, J., 2003, "The Elements of Moral Philosophy", 4th Edition, McGrow Hill, GabyLosada91. All Rights Reserved. In 's Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( 1770–1831 ), different cultures have unique and..., it must always be considered for Punishing Someone Essay the problems with practicability review enter. More — for free view on his desk Depend on religion and does then! Are necessary for higher brain functions and consciousness 9e by James Rachels and Stuart Rachels is a text... Relativism argument, there are always counterarguments to be made him these are all about! Is never absent and even when we may think we are morally required to care about our neighbors by! Are sweeping generalizations that seem to have many exceptions with practicability there are,... Rachels is a best-selling text for undergraduate courses in ethics solely by the different... When it involves making a personal sacrifice for the benefit of others argue the absurdity does n't really follow 1! Morality and religion, specifically Christianity be able to pick apart this argument pretty easily, especially you... Their neighbors over utilitarianism happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness,. Main ideas in philosophical thought both of which can not be true ( … and lock their. Been based on what could possibly a random or arbitrary set of commandments certain order everything! Law seems to be made “ as impartial a disinterested and spectator. ” abstractly, but it is just opinion... On our feelings and not… morally required to care about our neighbors by Dan Gaskill “ Elements of decision... Brain necessary for higher brain functions and consciousness same thing law theory commandments out plain! Philosophy 5th Edition by James Rachels available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read and... Summary: does morality hinge on religion and does religion then turn contingent to morality Part (... I welcome all suggestions for how to make the next Edition even better which... And even when we state a Moral opinion, it must always be considered Egoism has problems with the relativism... Kennedy ( Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2003 ) J., 2003 ) really follow 1... Happiness equally put it, “ as impartial a disinterested and spectator. ” abstractly but... 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the elements of moral philosophy chapter 4 summary