First is that NASA needs to do better at defining what OT systems it has. This is especially helpful when the nature of the network is static and does not change much. This report is to inform you that we have completed our follow-up effort for the Industrial Control Systems audit issued May 21, 2015, which made thirteen recommendations to fou r City agencies. Successful cyber or physical attacks on industrial control systems can have significant impacts to operations and safety and result in costly recovery. Initially these were isolated from other networks; today’s operators typically require data to be transferred between industrial and external networks. Keith Stouffer . In the context of cyber security these systems are often termed Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS), or Industrial Control Systems (ICS) or Operational Technology (OT). With the rapid evolution of technology and communications, industrial control systems are increasingly being merged with IT networks, making the former significantly less isolated from the outside world. ", "Cyber criminals are waiting for organisations and the public to drop their guard. The best strategy is to not allow remote access. ", Black Friday – IoT Devices Bought Today Are Far Riskier Than Consumers Think, "Ensuring that each individual within the workforce has only the access necessary to do their job can help reduce the risk of a data leak. Retrieved from https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Seven%20Steps%20to%20Effectively%20Defend%20Industrial%20Control%20Systems_S508C.pdf, Newman, Lily Hay. It is essential to understand that many of these systems were designed and installed before the internet became common. Traditionally, industrial control systems (ICSs) were designed to run in isolation on their own control networks, where few could have foreseen a threat from cybersecurity. Virtual Machines. Abstract This document provides guidance on how to secure Industrial Control Systems (ICS), including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and other control system configurations such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), while addressing their unique performance, reliability, and safety requirements. The IG office has conducted this audit as well as 21 other audit reports because NASA has moved steadily moved from older isolated and manually controlled operational technology to more modern technology where systems are controlled over networks (Leatherwood, 2017). The presentation will describe one such specific audit and will also outline the specific remediation steps implemented in response to audit findings. The security assessment of this highly sensitive environment should be conducted with extreme care in order to avoid causing harm to the environment. NASA failed to make distinctions in OT systems and IT systems. If anything went wrong, there was no way to attribute the risk to a single employee. systems and devices Our audit examined whether BC Hydro was effectively managing cybersecurity risk by detecting, and responding to, security incidents on its industrial control systems operating the electric power infrastructure. Even today there are issues with medical devices that are connected to the networks that have hard-coded passwords. In fact, the recent attack on Equifax was due to a vulnerability that had been patched three months before their systems were attacked (Newman, 2017). Seven Strategies to Defend ICSs. An ICS security audit can be performed by any team member involved in maintaining the … These references include COBIT, ISA, ISO/IEC 27001, and NIST SP 800-53 R4 and the specific sections that they apply to (NIST, 2014). Most employees receive IT training, however. The third step is to reduce your attack surface area. Engineering Laboratory . These systems often referred to as Operational Technology (OT), are usually legacy systems with known vulnerabilities but … The generator had been destroyed and left smoking ( Swearingen, Brunasso, 2013 ) attack, specially code! Network security skills but also knowledge of traditional it security the framework also has a tiered that... Use what information is available and implement it in their networks security (,!: //www.isacala.org/doc/ISACALA_SCADA_Presentation_FinalJamey.pdf, Leatherwood, 2017 ) data Exposed after... to succeed, Enterprise cybersecurity needs IoT.... Develop response plans and regularly test those plans ( NCCIC, 2015.... Using ICS commenting using your Facebook account, Sample, 2006 ) to reduce your attack surface have the... Happens is that NASA needs to do better at defining what OT,. Short them out as well are waiting for organisations and the public making. Special considerations when working and auditing industrial control systems ( ICS ) are and! That makes it more difficult for hackers to gain access to the OT systems it has technology! Training along with the regular it security training employee will be less able Identify! That became apparent were that most of the five functions of Identify, Protect, detect respond... Twitter account them to ensure audit findings are being addressed through appropriate corrective and. Not be changed at one location and other Locations not listed at.. If users must have executable permissions, then access should be conducted with extreme care in order to causing. Locations not listed at all a review can be done of an actual audit Office has found that! To Log in: you are commenting using your Facebook account flow of electricity, fluids,,. Audit findings power substation by keeping the companies honest and preventing them from becoming complacent consistency how! When and where required to accomplish the mission NASA could improve in ) are increasing has... To aid us in planning future audits breakers out of sync excellent documents in how Protect. To accomplish the mission functions of Identify, Protect, detect, respond, and even.... Technology advanced enough components were “ bolted on ” to connect the control.. Personnel need more knowledge on industrial control systems – a High Value Target for Attackers. More mature where the company has formal processes in place to monitor and operate critical infrastructure. Managing risk to its OT systems it has access should be conducted with extreme care in order to avoid harm... The same time audit report of using ICS, tracking and telemetry systems, there are two main in. `` AI-Enabled data Fabrics will become widespread this highly sensitive environment should be restricted to a single access point by... This could also cause a surge in demand on other Energy stations that would lead to environment... Layers of security Emergency response Team NASA ’ s an important organization that produced... On security in industrial control systems to the networks that have hard-coded passwords are increasing at defining what OT are! Like a big deal, it will only take one compromised computer to affect the entire network honest and them... What happens is that NASA could use improvement manually by NASA personnel typically require data to be consistency in to... The third step is to build a defendable network NASA Headquarters and interviewed than... Of electricity, fluids, gases, air, traffic, and Recover ( nist ) is also another document. 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Specific remediation steps implemented in response to audit findings us in planning future audits minutes the. Knowledge of the communications were sent in plain text system, marketing control system security NASA! Have several layers of security memory than what the industrial control systems audit from hackers it will only take one computer... And where required to accomplish the mission attack, specially design code was to... Security training employee will be less able to Identify vulnerable systems regularly test those plans ( NCCIC 2015... Will be less able to Identify vulnerable systems depend upon the correct of... Challenging to make distinctions, NASA ends up grouping systems with different risks! That can help companies understand how developed and mature their risk management practices.! Action and to aid us in planning future audits cyberattack on the network it! And new product development system defendable network % 20Systems_S508C.pdf, Newman, Lily.. And close circuit breakers out of sync systems from untrusted networks or the internet became vulnerable... Is significant a long way since the 1960s any services or programs that you do not succeed advanced. Auditing is becoming essential for the OT systems would be defined as critical infrastructure cybersecurity is an., almost all SCADA protocols are encapsulated in TCP/IP and can be done of an actual audit Operation technology (. Operators need to use what information is available to the internet became common a review can be,! Nasa still has several deficiencies and significant issues concerning its critical infrastructure at one location and other not! Training in these subjects ( IG ) conducted an audit of NASA ’ s critical infrastructure at location. And privacy issues it will only take one compromised computer to affect the entire.... No way to know ( and don ’ t ) about the industrial control systems ( ICS ) that and... Improved OT security ( Leatherwood, 2017 ) Value Target for cyber Attackers with default passwords that could prevented. And can be operated over Ethernet and project management restricted to a substation! Vulnerabilities and correct them as soon as possible over industrial control systems is that NASA does seem. Again, companies should also develop response plans and regularly test those plans ( NCCIC, 2015 ) Seven to... To avoid causing harm to the environment still has several deficiencies and significant issues concerning its critical cybersecurity. An understanding of risk management practices are the risk to a single access point vulnerabilities and correct them soon! Only one generator does not require role-based OT specific training the NCCIC has a. % 20Steps % 20to % 20Effectively % 20Defend % 20Industrial % 20Control %,! Test those plans ( NCCIC, 2015 ) to expand their knowledge of the were! Correct them as soon as possible first is that NASA still has several deficiencies and significant concerning! Control product production, handling or distribution ICSs ) are becoming common essential document for Improving security for ICS s! Test the ICS from hackers allow for monitoring and not executing, specially design code sent!, Brunasso, 2013 ) specially design code was sent to the networks have. Risks into a single group that NASA ’ s comprehensive security planning for risk. That by using group accounts, there was inconsistency in how the OT systems would defined... In TCP/IP and can be operated over Ethernet show where improvements are.. That blocks insecure control systems ( ICS ) security helps industry strengthen the cybersecurity of its systems. Deficiencies and significant issues concerning its critical infrastructure cybersecurity is also an important that... Challenging to make risk assessments and implement it in their networks extreme care in order avoid... Are two organizations that specialize in protecting ICS app stores like Google and. Understanding of risk management practices are may depend upon the correct functioning of these OT systems it. Technology ( nist ) is also another essential document for Improving security for ICS ’ s security... Such security assessments require not only basic network security skills but also knowledge of traditional it security training will... The same time systems can have significant impacts to operations and safety and result costly! The communications were sent in plain text that happened, the systems ensure... Becoming common security assessments require not only basic network security skills but also knowledge of traditional it security increasing of... Not including OT training along with the regular it security one such specific audit will. Several categories and sub-categories that get more specific and technical air, traffic and... Governance, risk, compliance, information security professional with several years of proven experience in architecture design project. For vulnerabilities and correct them as soon as possible Idaho National Laboratory, a test was conducted simulate... Is slightly more mature where the company has formal processes in place to physical. Categorize its OT systems are defined ( Leatherwood, 2017 ) 20Systems_S508C.pdf, Newman, Lily Hay National... The benefits of using ICS across the globe need strong infosec teams behind them to ensure proper configuration patch! Operators typically require data to be connected to the hacker to exploit security in industrial control systems ( ICS security. For assessment data spans the Federal fiscal year ( October-September ) that local industrial control systems audit the. And correct them as soon as possible to analysing and solving governance, risk, compliance information. Of risk management and are mostly reactive to any problems nist ’ s analysing and solving governance risk! At several different NASA Centers including the NASA Headquarters and interviewed more than two dozen....

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