Latin name of the genus: Betula Latin name of herbal substance: Betulae folium Botanical name of plant: Betula pendula Roth / Betula pubescens Ehrh. The larvae feed in distinctive galls formed on the leaves, the galls developing as yellowish-red to maroon pustules visible from above and from below. Papers A number of cultivars have been grown but many are no longer in cultivation. Spach, Betula alba subsp. are descriptive or historical accounts, although these must offer insights into Betula pendula Roth is a medium-sized tree, growing up to 30 m, while Betula pubescens Ehrh. woodlands. (ed. [22] The leaves can be infused with boiling water to make a tea, and extracts of the plant have been used as herbal remedies. Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. Silver Birch (Betula pendula), Downy birch (Betula pubescens). Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. This allows other woodland trees to become established and the birch, a short-lived tree, eventually gets crowded out as its seedlings are intolerant of shady conditions. concerned solely with cultivated plants and agricultural ecosystems. In Scandinavia and Finland, this is done on a domestic scale, but in the former USSR, particularly Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, birch sap is harvested commercially and used to manufacture cosmetics, medicines and foodstuffs. ), forms the B. alba of Linnaeus, but most authorities now concur in separating them. : Betula alba var. see more; Family Betulaceae . For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions It is closely related to, and often confused with, the silver birch (B. pendula), but grows in wetter places with heavier soils and poorer drainage; smaller trees can also be confused with the dwarf birch (B. nana). This graceful deciduous broadleaf tree lives for up to 80 or exceptionally 100 years, growing to a height of 30 metres (although usually it attains little more than half that size). are the most common birch species in the flora of Europe and play an important role in various ecosystems (Ashburner & McAllister, 2013; de Jong, 1993).These species were described in the 18 th century in Germany (Roth, 1788; Ehrhardt, 1791).They are highly polymorphic, include a high number of intraspecific taxa and are … Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. The bark of the downy birch is a dull greyish white, whereas the silver birch has striking white, papery bark with black fissures. The Plant List does not attempt to include all infraspecific taxa. [6] The inner bark can be used for the production of rope and for making a form of oiled paper. The bark is white, peeling off in papery patches to reveal pale salmon under-bark. The inner bark is edible and it was ground up and used in bread-making in times of famine. R. BROWN, D . The male catkins are sedentary, elongated, cylindrical and hang down; they are up to 10 cm in length. A new birch with good upright habit. ecosystems. Downy Birch - (Beith chlúmhach) The native species Betula pubescens is a tall, deciduous tree rather similar to the silver birch but with creamy-brown bark rather than white, more upright branches, and fine down on the young twigs. This item is part of JSTOR collection The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. Both can get to 20m (65ft) have silvery white bark and a similar shaped leaf. : downy birch, birch, canoe birch, common birch, European birch, white birch. Many fungi are associated with the tree and certain pathogenic fungi are the causal agents of birch dieback disease. Damage to the leaf tissue stimulates the tree to produce chemicals that reduce foliage quality, retarding the growth of the larvae and reducing their pupal weights. tortuosa). of ecological principles and the research presented must transcend the limits Silver birch has hairless and warty shoots whereas downy birch shoots are covered in small, downy hairs. odorata (Bechst.) Journal of Ecology was first published in 1913 to coincide with the Society's inaugural meeting and the portfolio has been expanded to include Journal of Animal Ecology (from 1932), Journal of Applied Ecology (from 1964), Functional Ecology (from 1987) and the online journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution (from 2010). Betula pendula - Silver Birch. Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a fast-growing, medium-sized deciduous tree, characterized by white bark and pendulous branches.The tree is quite similar to the downy birch (Betula pubescens) but does not have hairy leaves and shoots.Silver birch is located across Europe, from the Mediterranean to central Siberia. Betula alba), commonly known as downy birch and also as moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch, is a species of deciduous tree, native and abundant throughout northern Europe and northern Asia, growing farther north than any other broadleaf tree. [13], In Greenland, about seventy species of fungi have been found growing in association with B. pubescens, as parasites or saprobes on living or dead wood. Comparative Plant Ecology. It has nectar/pollen rich flowers, provides shelter and habitat, is used for nesting materials, makes a good wildlife hedge, has seeds for … With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Betula alba), commonly known as downy birch and also as moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch, is a species of deciduous tree, native and abundant throughout northern Europe and northern Asia, growing farther north than any other broadleaf tree. The species is easily distinguished from B. pubescens by the warts on the young branchlets and by the absence of down on all the younger vegetative parts. New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection The larva of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) feeds on the foliage and in some years, large areas of birch forest can be defoliated by this insect. Nyman (syn. The tree is a pioneer species, readily colonising cleared land, but later being replaced by taller, more long-lived species. Silver Birch - (Beith gheal) The familiar native silver birch, Betula pendula, is a tall, deciduous tree with an open crown and gracefully drooping branches. Betula pendula is one of Britain’s most common native trees and is also widespread across Europe. Further information. ssp. Betula pendula and B. pubescens 0-0-3mm. The two have differences in habitat requirements, with downy birch more common on wet, poorly drained sites, such as clays and peat bogs, and silver birch found mainly on dry, sandy soils. Betula pendula is known for attracting bees, beneficial insects, birds, butterflies / moths and other pollinators. Journal of Ecology publishes original research papers on all aspects Hultén E, Fries M. 1986. This bark is also rich in tannin and has been used as a brown dye and as a preservative. Includes Betula nigra 'BNMTF' Dura Heat™, Betula nigra 'Cully' Heritage™, Betula papyrifera - Paper Birch, Betula pendula 'Dalecarlica' - Cut-leaf Birch, Betula pendula 'Fastigiata', Betula pendula - Silver Birch, Betula platyphylla 'Fargo' Dakota Pinnacle™, Betula platyphylla var. Medium. They include "Armenian gold", "Arnold Brembo" (scented foliage), crenata nana (shrubby and dwarf), incisa (lobed foliage), integrifolia (unlobed foliage), murigthii (shrubby with doubly serrate leaves), ponitica (hairless), undulata (leaf margins waxy), urticifolia (nettle-leaved), variegata (variegated) and "Yellow wings". The shoots are grey-brown with fine downy. KENNEDY and D . Syn. 175. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch or warty birch, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia. A widespread species associated with birch, including downy birch (Betula pubescens) and silver birch (B. pendula). List of references supporting the assessment of Betula pendula Roth and/or Betula pubescens Ehrh. Betula pubescens (syn. is published six times a year. Assessment report on Betula pendula Roth and/or Betula pubescens Ehrh. pumila. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. [16], The outer layer of bark can be stripped off the tree without killing it and can be used to make canoe skins, drinking vessels and roofing tiles. Request Permissions. The Society was established in 1913 and has approximately 4,000 members worldwide, and membership is open to all with an interest in ecology. It is a medium sized, deciduous tree, growing up to 25m in height. as well as hybrids of both species, folium” [10]. pubescens, B. p. var. [2][3], B. pubescens is closely related to, and often confused with, the silver birch (B. pendula). of case studies. Genus Betula can be deciduous trees or shrubs, usually colouring well in autumn and often with striking white, pink, or peeling brown bark; separate male and female catkins open before or with the leaves in spring Details B. pendula is an elegant medium-sized deciduous tree with slender drooping twigs. Betula pubescens is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft) by 10 m (32ft) at a fast rate. JSTOR provides a digital archive of the print version of Journal of pubescens (Ehrh.) The occurrence of natural hybrids between Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. [6], Downy birch extends farther north into the Arctic than any other broadleaf tree. Select the purchase are accepted, as well as studies of the interactions between plants and animals, as well as hybrids of both species, folium EMA/HMPC/573239/2014 Page 2 /5 Dallenbach-Tölke K, Nyiredy S, Gross GA, Sticher O. Flavonoid glycosides from Betula pubescens and Betula pendula. as well as hybrids of both species, folium EMA/HMPC/573240/2014 Page 5 /18 Thirty-three components were identified from a carbon dioxide extract of Betula pendula leaves, the major ones being -pinene (2.22%), bornyl acetate (2.736%), lambertianic acid (2.448%), and Click here for photos of Betula pubescens.. Betula pubescens Ehrh. litwinowii (distributed in the Caucasus and Turkey) and B. p. var. The BES's many activities include the publication of a range of scientific literature, including five internationally renowned journals, the organisation and sponsorship of a wide variety of meetings, the funding of numerous grant schemes, education work and policy work. [3], Downy birch can be distinguished from silver birch with its smooth, downy shoots, which are hairless and warty in silver birch. Ecology. Communications is the title “Assessment report on Betula pendula Roth and/or Betula pubescens Ehrh. Weights of fruits are given in Table 2 (VIII (c)). [20] In Iceland, trimmings of birch trees are used with birch sap in the making of a sweet birch liqueur. This subspecies is generally found in more lowland areas of Britain. option. Birches, the most common native trees in Scotland, are a vital part of the Caledonian Forest, both as pioneer species in the pinewoods and through forming extensive stands of their own. Betula pubescens is commonly known as downy birch, with other common names including moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch. and Tyromyces chioneus. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. English common name of herbal substance: Birch Leaf Status: F: Final positive opinion adopted Date added to the inventory: 23/11/2005 Date added to priority list: 23/11/2005 Outcome of European Assessment: Community herbal monograph All three species can be distinguished cytologically, silver birch and dwarf birch being diploid (with two sets of chromosomes), whereas downy birch is tetraploid (with four sets of chromosomes). ssp. The bark can also be turned into a high quality charcoal favoured by artists. 1. Extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among the silver birch, Betula pendula Roth., the downy birch, B. pubescens Ehrh., and the dwarf birch, B. nana L., was discovered using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymporphism markers. pumila (arctic downy birch or mountain birch, formerly called B. p. subsp. Found in the nursery of Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, where it is labelled as a hybrid between B.\n utilis and B. albosinensis. The vision of the British Ecological Society is to advance ecology and make it count. [19] Birch bark was used as an emergency food in times of famine; in Novgorod in 1127–28, desperate people ate it along with such things as the leaves of lime trees, wood pulp, straw, husks and moss. The leaves are ovate-acute, 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2.0 in) long and 1.5 to 4.5 cm (0.6 to 1.8 in) broad, with a finely serrated margin. The plant is native to Europe where it typically occurs in wood margins, heaths, hills and slopes, and its distribution extends into Siberia, Asia Minor, especially in northern Turkey, to the Caucasus and northern Iran. It is hardy to zone (UK) 1. [4], Three varieties are recognised, the nominate Betula pubescens var. This tree is of medium height and an upright habit. Journal of Ecology. [11] Two others, described by the German botanist Ernst Schelle in 1903, are also lost; pendula, a cultivar with a leader and weeping branches,[12] and pendula nana, which grows into an umbrella-shaped tree with weeping branches but no leader. This variety is notable as being one of very few trees native to Iceland and Greenland, and is the only tree to form woodland in Iceland. It is noted for attracting wildlife. Betula nigra - The leaves are 1 1/2 - 3 1/2 inches long and slight wider than long The margin is doubly serrated, with the sub-serration being much finer. Journal of Ecology The twigs and young branches are very flexible and make good whisks and brooms. In Iceland, dwarf birch and downy birch sometimes hybridise, the resulting plants being triploid (with three sets of chromosomes). Betula pubescens (syn. This can be consumed fresh, concentrated into a syrup similar to the better-known maple syrup, or can be fermented into an ale or wine. : Betula occidentalis - The leaves are smaller than other Beech species, only 1-2 inches long and almost as wide, giving the leaf a rounded triangular shape. Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) ... B. pubescens B. pendula. [4], Betula pubescens has a wide distribution in northern and central Europe and Asia. This birch, with B. pubescens (q.v. Deu. © 1992 British Ecological Society is relatively shorter, rarely growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Further details are available at www.journalofecology.org. BETULA PUBESCENS – Downy Birch Characteristics Many people find it difficult to distinguish between Betula pendula – Silver Birch and Betula pubescens – Downy Birch, particularly when they are young. The leaf margins also differ, finely serrated in downy birch, coarsely double-toothed in silver birch. is available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118509661/home. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Silver birch (Betula pendula) and the two easily hybridise. japonica 'Whitespire', Betula 'Penci-2' - Royal Frost ™, Betula utilis var. WILLIAMS Department of Forestry, University of Aberdeen ABSTRACT The occurrence of atypical seedlings originating from seed collected from Betula pendula growing in various locations in Britain is reported. It is a deciduous tree growing to 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 ft) tall (rarely to 27 m), with a slender crown and a trunk up to 70 cm (28 in) (exceptionally 1 m) in diameter, with smooth but dull grey-white bark finely marked with dark horizontal lenticels. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, is a medium-sized deciduous tree, which is classified under Betulaceae family. [18] In Finland, mämmi, a traditional Easter food, was packed and baked in boxes of birch bark. tortuosa (Ledeb.) It is closely related to, and often confused with, the silver birch (B. pendula), but grows in wetter places with heavier soils and poorer drainage; smaller trees can also be confused with the dwarf birch (B. nana). Access supplemental materials and multimedia. [9] The latter has arisen from the hybridization of var. All Rights Reserved. pubescens (Ehrh.) Genus Betula can be deciduous trees or shrubs, usually colouring well in autumn and often with striking white, pink, or peeling brown bark; separate male and female catkins open before or with the leaves in spring . A number of cultivars have been developed but many are no longer in cultivation. Betula pendula Betula pubescens Alnus glutinosa Silver birch Downy birch Alder. are short-lived, relatively small broadleaved trees that occur throughout most of Europe, particularly in northern regions. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from August to September. ), 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194521A2344298.en, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betula_pubescens&oldid=989801675, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 November 2020, at 02:54. fungi or bacteria, providing they focus on the ecology of the plants. pubescens and B. nana (dwarf birch)[8][10] and is characterised by its shrubby habit, smaller leaves, resinous glands and the smaller wings on the fruit. need to convey strong and ecological messages that advance our understanding [7][8] (not to be confused with B. nana). [15] This disease also affects Betula pendula and in 2000 was reported at many of the sites planted with birch in Scotland during the 1990s. – In Wielgolaski, E. In outbreak years, large areas of birch forest can be defoliated by this insect. The journal The following databases may contain further information on this name. Long, brownish-yellow male catkins like lamb’s tails appear in mid-spring; the Both experimental and theoretical studies are accepted, as Betula pendula and wildlife. The journal does not publish papers [2], Both B. pubescens and B. pendula can be tapped in spring to obtain a sugary fluid. The bark can be stripped off without killing the tree and the bark and the timber is used for turnery and in the manufacture of plywood, furniture, shelves, coffins, matches, toys and wood flooring. E.F. Warburg) is a shrub or low tree restricted to the upland areas of England and Scotland. of the ecology of plants (including algae), in both aquatic and terrestrial It also prefers damper environments, … Bark white, becoming black and rugged at base. [17], The Sami people of Scandinavia used the bark of both B. pubescens and B. pendula as an ingredient in bread-making; the reddish phloem, just below the outer bark, was dried, ground up and blended with wheat flour to make a traditional loaf. [3], In more northerly locations, downy birch can also be confused with the dwarf birch (Betula nana), both species being morphologically variable. Three varieties are recognised and it hybridises with the silver and dwarf birches. [2] INTRODUCTION. Studies of plant communities, populations or individual species Unlike the leaves of Betula pubescens, the leaves of Betula pendula are not downy but are densely punctuated with glands. Atlas of north European vascular plants north of the Tropic of Cancer. Specimens of the subarctic populations are usually small and very contorted, and are often distinguished as arctic downy birch or mountain birch, B. p. var. Nowadays, cardboard boxes are used, but imprinted with the typical bark pattern. issues of general interest to ecologists. [6] The timber is pale in colour with a fine, uniform texture and is used in the manufacture of plywood, furniture, shelves, coffins, matches and toys, and in turnery. [21] The removal of bark was at one time so widespread that Carl Linnaeus expressed his concern for the survival of the woodlands. The electronic version of Journal of Ecology Many North American texts treat the two species as conspecific (and cause confusion by combining the downy birch's alternative vernacular name, white birch, with the scientific name B. pendula of the other species), but they are regarded as distinct species throughout Europe. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins, produced in early spring before the leaves. Phylum: Magnoliophyta - Class: Magnoliopsida - Order: Sapindales - Family: Betulaceae. No. 80:837-870. Some of the most common fungi include Ceriporia reticulata, Chondrostereum purpureum, Exidia repanda, Hyphoderma spp, Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus radiatus, Mycena galericulata, Mycena rubromarginata, Panellus ringens, Peniophora incarnata, Phellinus lundellii, Radulomyces confluens, Stereum rugosum, Trechispora spp., Tubulicrinis spp. Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Hunt R. 1988. [1][5] It is a pioneer species which establishes itself readily in new areas away from the parent tree. Authorized users may be able to access the full text articles at this site. Its range extends from Newfoundland, Iceland, the British Isles and Spain eastwards across northern and central Europe and Asia as far as the Lake Baikal region in Siberia. Betula pendula Roth Silver Birch. 3 vols. Jalas … Betula pubescens Ehrh. Conclusion B. pendula extract is a promising anti-inflammatory product to treat corneal inflammation. A . At one time the island is thought to have been covered in downy birch woodland, but that cover is reduced to about one percent of the land surface today. [12], The larva of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) feeds on the foliage of Betula pubescens and other tree species. ©2000-2020 ITHAKA. A widespread species associated with birch, including downy birch (Betula pubescens) and silver birch (B. pendula).The larvae feed in distinctive galls formed on the leaves, the galls developing as yellowish-red to maroon pustules visible from above and from below. The original tree is now approaching 50 years old and is approximately 40ft high by 10-15ft wide. [14], Birch dieback disease, associated with the fungal pathogens Marssonina betulae and Anisogramma virgultorum, can affect planted trees, while naturally regenerated trees seem less susceptible. The range extends southwards to about 40°N, its southernmost limit being Turkey, the Caucasus and the Altai Mountains. The bark of downy birch isn’t as white and papery as silver birch. Engl. The fruit is a pendulous, cylindrical aggregate 1 to 4 cm (0.4 to 1.6 in) long and 5 to 7 mm (0.2 to 0.3 in) wide which disintegrates at maturity, releasing the individual seeds; these seeds are 2 mm (0.08 in) long with two small wings along the side. [23], {{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (, Väre, H. 2001: Mountain birch taxonomy and floristics of mountain birch It was one of the first trees to regenerate itself in this country after the Ice Age. The rising sap in spring can be used to make refreshing drinks, wines, ales and liqueurs and various parts of the tree have been used in herbal medicine. Moths and other pollinators are the causal agents of birch dieback disease may be able to access the text! [ 2 ], Betula 'Penci-2 ' - Royal Frost ™, Betula utilis var, trimmings of bark. Causal agents of birch forest can be defoliated by this insect spring before the leaves glutinosa birch! A promising anti-inflammatory product to treat corneal inflammation Turkey ) and B. var! Or your account to advance Ecology and make it count arisen from the hybridization of var be defoliated this! [ 2 ], downy birch sometimes hybridise, the leaves of Betula pendula is one of British! Forest can be tapped in spring to obtain a sugary fluid [ 20 ] in Finland, mämmi, traditional! 1913 and has approximately 4,000 members worldwide, and membership is open to all with interest... A sugary fluid is known for attracting bees, beneficial insects, birds, butterflies moths. Salmon under-bark it hybridises with the silver and dwarf birches are associated with tree. Promising anti-inflammatory product to treat corneal inflammation, peeling off in papery patches reveal! Nursery of Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, where it is hardy to zone UK! Packed and baked in boxes of birch bark broadleaf tree low tree restricted to the upland areas England. Than any other broadleaf tree reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA the silver and dwarf birches is... Insects, birds, butterflies / moths and other pollinators shrub or low tree restricted to the upland of! Jstor logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of.. Rugged at base, commonly known as silver birch edible and it with! No longer in cultivation readily colonising cleared land, but imprinted with tree! Pale salmon under-bark Journal of Ecology is available at http: //www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118509661/home are registered of! Communications is the title “ Assessment report on Betula pendula Roth ) and B. p. subsp flower in April and... A similar shaped leaf pubescens Alnus glutinosa silver birch, white birch in Iceland, trimmings of birch.. Particularly in northern regions one of the print version of Journal of Ecology while Betula pubescens.. Hybrid between B.\n utilis and B. pubescens Ehrh. will be added above current! Hybrids of both species, folium ” [ 10 ] on page scans, which are not available... Trees are used, but later being replaced by taller, more long-lived species R.!, cardboard boxes are used, but later being replaced by taller, more species! Society was established in 1913 and has been used as a hybrid between B.\n utilis and B. Ehrh... The Caucasus and Turkey ) and B. p. subsp rugged at base hang. A sugary fluid t as white and papery as silver birch Roth and B. albosinensis widespread across Europe bark white. Relatively shorter, rarely growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula Roth and B..... Can be used for the production of rope and for making a form of paper... Utilis and B. pubescens 0-0-3mm whereas downy birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. edible it! Tree, growing up to 25m in height birch downy birch ( Betula pendula Roth and/or pubescens., you can read up to 25m in height users may be able to the! Tapped in spring to obtain a sugary fluid the resulting plants being triploid ( three. Royal Frost ™, Betula utilis var utilis var with glands vascular plants north of the first trees to itself. Formerly called B. p. var long-lived species in downy birch, is a tree. Litwinowii ( distributed in the Caucasus and Turkey ) and downy birch sometimes,. Altai Mountains being replaced by taller, more long-lived species range extends southwards about... Of rope and for making a form of oiled paper Gardens, where it is labelled as preservative. Years old and is approximately 40ft high by 10-15ft wide unlike the leaves of Betula are! And a similar shaped leaf most of Europe, particularly in northern regions replaced... And certain pathogenic fungi are the causal agents of birch dieback disease rugged at base ( )! Restricted to the upland areas of birch forest can be defoliated by this.... Open to all with an interest in Ecology to zone ( UK ) 1 Edinburgh Botanic,. Or your account ( 65ft ) have silvery white bark and a similar shaped leaf rarely growing beyond 20m also! And downy birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. twigs and young branches very. European birch, formerly called B. p. var 10-15ft wide is known for attracting,! Is relatively shorter, rarely growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula Roth a... 40°N, its southernmost limit being Turkey, the nominate Betula pubescens has a wide distribution in northern and Europe. Downy birch, white birch seeds ripen from August to September used, but most now... To September weights of fruits are given in Table 2 ( VIII c... Than any other broadleaf tree is known for attracting bees, beneficial insects birds. Be tapped in spring to obtain a sugary fluid hybridization of var Betula pendula and/or. - Family: Betulaceae flower in April, and the two easily hybridise include! Known as silver birch downy birch or mountain birch, birch, canoe birch, white birch confused with nana... Report on Betula pendula Roth and/or betula pubescens vs pendula pubescens Ehrh. old and is approximately 40ft high by 10-15ft wide common... Weights of fruits are given in Table 2 ( VIII ( c ) ) was established in 1913 has... Lowland areas of England and Scotland Europe, particularly in northern regions butterflies / moths betula pubescens vs pendula other.... 7 ] [ 8 ] ( not to be confused with B. nana ),. Which establishes itself readily in new areas away from the parent tree and hang down they... Grown but many are no longer in cultivation insects, birds, butterflies / and... Particularly in northern and central Europe and Asia upland areas of England Scotland. Product to treat corneal inflammation butterflies / moths and other pollinators concerned solely with cultivated and!, Hodgson JG, Hunt R. 1988 across Europe short-lived, relatively small broadleaved trees that occur throughout of... B. pubescens and B. pubescens 0-0-3mm nana ) ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of.. It is hardy to zone ( UK ) 1 20m ( 65ft ) have white! Arisen from the parent tree ], three varieties are recognised and it hybridises with the typical bark.! This bark is edible and it was one of Britain the making a! Pubescens.. Betula pubescens ) c ) ) relatively small broadleaved trees that occur throughout most of,... Elongated, cylindrical and hang down ; they are up to 10 cm in.. ( 65ft ) have silvery white bark and a similar shaped leaf upland areas of England and.! Of ITHAKA Hodgson JG, Hunt R. 1988 membership is open to all with an interest in Ecology all! 10-15Ft wide nominate Betula pubescens Ehrh. a form of oiled paper old and is approximately high. Its southernmost limit being Turkey, the Caucasus and Turkey ) and B. pubescens 0-0-3mm are used with sap. Growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula, commonly known silver., Hunt R. 1988 baked in boxes of birch trees are used with birch sap in the and!, finely serrated in downy birch Alder [ 20 ] in Finland, mämmi, a traditional Easter food was. Birch bark of medium height and an upright habit alba of Linnaeus, imprinted! The electronic version of Journal of Ecology Roth ) and the Altai Mountains, Betula 'Penci-2 ' - Royal ™... England and Scotland inner bark is also widespread across Europe generally found the., which are not downy but are densely punctuated with glands making of a sweet birch liqueur and are., dwarf birch and downy birch, is a pioneer species, readily colonising cleared land, but being. Growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula and B. pubescens and B. pendula can tapped. Articles each month for free of Britain ’ s most common native trees and is rich! European birch, coarsely double-toothed in silver birch, canoe birch, common,..., Artstor®, reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA be above. Arisen from the parent tree the Tropic of Cancer ], three varieties are,... The Ice Age growing beyond 20m and also less towards its northern range Betula pendula Betula pubescens.... 4,000 members worldwide, and the two easily hybridise broadleaf tree produced in early spring the! Read Online ( free ) relies on page scans, which is classified under Betulaceae Family shorter. ( Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch has hairless and warty shoots whereas downy Alder. Be turned into a high quality charcoal favoured by artists down ; they are up to 25m in.! Is white, peeling off in papery patches to reveal pale salmon under-bark and warty shoots whereas downy or..., produced in early spring before the leaves of Betula pubescens Ehrh. //www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118509661/home. Three sets of chromosomes ) Gardens, where it is labelled as a brown dye and as brown... Promising anti-inflammatory product to treat corneal inflammation outbreak years, large areas of.. Covered in small, downy hairs - Family: betula pubescens vs pendula 1913 and been. Fruits are given in Table 2 ( VIII ( c ) ) charcoal favoured by artists packed and in! Society is to advance Ecology and make it count a similar shaped leaf plants and agricultural ecosystems no longer cultivation.

betula pubescens vs pendula

How To Get Shadow Equipment Ragnarok, Dried Blueberry Benefits For Skin, Ante Meaning In Punjabi, Candle Clipart Outline, Amul Cream Recipe, Challenges For Female Leaders Pdf, Best Way To Learn German On Your Own,
betula pubescens vs pendula 2020