The party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Germany , along with the conservative CDU/CSU , and is led by Sigmar Gabriel . The program of the SPD, adopted at the party congress in Bad Godesberg in 1959, is clearly reformist. [22][23] In February 1920, an industrial relations law was passed, giving workers in industry legally guaranteed representation, together with the right to co-determination in cases of hiring and firing, holiday arrangements, the fixing of working hours and regulations, and the introduction of new methods of payment. (Later, to contest the early federal election called by Schröder after the SPD lost heavily in a state election in their traditional stronghold of North Rhine-Westphalia, the western-based WASG and the eastern-based post-communist Party of Democratic Socialism would merge to form The Left Party, (Die Linke.) The rivalry between the two party leaders escalated in March 1999 leading to the overnight resignation of Lafontaine from all his party and government positions. [16] In December 1918, a decree was passed providing relief for the unemployed. [8], The political and organizational success of the Social Democrats had enabled them to demand and obtain a respectable body of legislation incorporating social reform, outlawing child labor and improving working conditions and wages, to the point where the German Social Democratic Party was the model for socialist parties in every other nation, and the German worker the most envied in Continental Europe.[9]. Members of the right-wing include Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Gerhard Schröder. The establishment of local labour exchanges and the introduction of unemployment benefits can be credited in part to the SPD. The staff councils were given an increased say in social and personal matters, together with a wider operational basis for their activities in connection with day release and training opportunities. L'elenco inizia dopo la costituzione della SPD nel 1875, quando i partiti sindacali si unirono per formare solo l'SPD (allora SAPD, nome attuale dal 1890). L'SPD ha guidato il governo federale dal 1969 al 1982 e di nuovo dal 1998 al 2005. Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale , l'SPD sotto la guida di Kurt Schumacher si ristabilì come partito socialista che rappresenta gli interessi della classe operaia e dei sindacati . Look up the English to German translation of Social Democratic Party in the PONS online dictionary. Radical party activist Rosa Luxemburg accused Bernstein of revisionism and argued against his ideas in her pamphlet Social Reform or Revolution, and Bernstein's program was not adopted by the party. Sottolineano questo sviluppo come centrale per la comprensione della socialdemocrazia del XX secolo, di cui l'SPD ha avuto una grande influenza. Müller's government, an ideologically diverse “Grand Coalition” representing five parties ranging from the left to the right, was unable to develop effective counter-measures to tackle the catastrophic effects of the economic crisis, as characterised by the massive rise in the numbers of registered unemployed. "Eco‐socialism: Left environmentalism in West Germany. - Full View | HathiTrust Digital Library | HathiTrust Digital Library", "The Teenagers' Revolution: Schülerräte in the Democratization and Right-Wing Radicalization of Germany, 1918â€"1923", Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19, http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ces/publications/docs/pdfs/CES_35.pdf, "Germany - Social Democratic Party of Germany", http://www.socialpolicy.ed.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/39268/REC-WP_0110_Bonoli.pdf, "Germany - The Economic Miracle and Beyond", "Dreizehn Jahre geliehene Macht - DER SPIEGEL 43/1982", "Dreizehn Jahre geliehene Macht - DER SPIEGEL 45/1982", "Dreizehn Jahre geliehene Macht - DER SPIEGEL 44/1982", http://www.ministerial-leadership.org/sites/default/files/resources_and_tools/10%20german%20health%20insu.pdf, "Development of the Health Care System in Germany", "Wahlprogramm der SPD : mit Willy Brandt fur Frieden, Sicherheit und eine bessere Qualitat des Lebens : Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive", http://www.urge.it/files/papers/2_wpurge3_2009.pdf, "Subscriber Login | Southern Public Administration Education Foundation", http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol14/14/14-14.pdf, https://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/48980/1/189347120.pdf, http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v38n7/v38n7p38.pdf, http://mises.org/journals/rae/pdf/rae5_2_4.pdf, "Work-Sharing Initiatives at Home and Abroad 100 Monthly Labor Review 1977", http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/39268/REC-WP_0110_Bonoli.pdf, http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/berathig/gesamt.pdf. Forming a coalition government with the Green Party, the SPD thus returned to power for the first time since 1982. ", Rüdig, Wolfgang. In April 2005, party chairman Franz Müntefering publicly criticized excessive profiteering in Germany's market economy and proposed stronger involvement of the federal state in order to promote economic justice. Compra Social Democratic Party of Saarland: Political Party, Saarland, United Front, Communist Party of Germany, Leninism, Stalinism, Weimar Republic. Nella Germania occidentale , l'SPD è diventato uno dei due principali partiti insieme alla CDU / CSU. The Social Democratic Party continued to be the largest party in the Weimar Republic until July 1932 when the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) won 230 seats to the SDP's 133.. Rimane ancora associato alle cause economiche dei lavoratori sindacalizzati e degli elettori della classe operaia. Oskar Lafontaine, elected SPD chairman in November 1996 had in the run-up to the election forgone a bid for the SPD nomination for the chancellor candidacy, after Gerhard Schröder won a sweeping re-election victory as prime minister of his state of Lower Saxony and was widely believed to be the best chance for Social Democrats to regain the Chancellorship after 16 years in opposition. [107] The Law on Nursing Homes and Homes for the Elderly (1974) sought to guarantee minimum standards in an important area of social services,[84] while the Beratungshilfegesetz (Legal Advice Act) of 1980[108] strengthened the position of the indigent in need of out of court legal advice and representation. But never before has the party moved so far away from its traditional socialist stance as it did under the Schröder government. Un esempio lampante del modello generale è l' Emsland tradizionalmente cattolica , dove i socialdemocratici generalmente ottengono una bassa percentuale di voti, mentre la regione protestante riformata della Frisia orientale direttamente a nord, con la sua forte vena tradizionale di anti-cattolicesimo , è una dei loro collegi più forti. The SPD traces its origins to the merger in 1875 of the General German Workers' Union, led by Ferdinand Lassalle (Lassalle, Ferdinand), and the Social Democratic Workers' Party, headed by August Bebel (Bebel, August) and Wilhelm Liebknecht (Liebknecht, Wilhelm).In 1890 it adopted its current name, the Social Democratic Party of Germany. L'ultimo programma di Amburgo del 2007 dell'SPD descrive il socialismo democratico come "un ordine di economia, stato e società in cui i diritti fondamentali civili, politici, sociali ed economici sono garantiti a tutte le persone, tutte le persone vivono una vita senza sfruttamento, oppressione e violenza, cioè nella sicurezza sociale e umana "e come" visione di una società libera, giusta e solidale ", la cui realizzazione è sottolineata come un" compito permanente ". [7], In 1966 the coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) fell and a grand coalition between CDU/CSU and SPD was formed under the leadership of CDU Chancellor Kiesinger. The few recalcitrant SPD members were quickly pushed out, leaving the SED as essentially a renamed KPD. L'SPD fu messo da parte politicamente quando il partito nazista guadagnava popolarità ei conservatori dominavano il governo, assistiti dal frequente uso del presidente von Hindenburg poteri di emergenza. Kohl lost his last re-election bid in 1998 to his SPD challenger Gerhard Schröder, as the SPD formed a red-green coalition with The Greens to take control of the German federal government for the first time in 16 years. German Social Democratic party proposes creation of independent EU army Credit: unsplash.com / Daniel Stub According to a paper of the Working Group on Security and Defence Policy, quoted by "Welt am Sonntag", the SPD calls for the introduction of a "28th EU army". Simon and Schuster, 2014. After his resignation there was a huge distrust of Lafontaine in the SPD which lasts to today. Page 1 of 50 - About 500 Essays Political Structure Of The Weimar Republic. This provided Social Democrats with a considerable degree of influence in social policy, as most welfare programmes (even those programmes mandated by national legislation) were implemented by municipal government. [7] In addition, labor-protection and anti-trust laws were significantly strengthened, while from 1969 to 1975 alone some 140 laws were passed that entitled various socially disadvantaged groups to tax subsidies. [40][41], It was to no avail. Prima della seconda guerra mondiale, in qualità di principale partito di sinistra non rivoluzionario, i socialdemocratici se la cavavano meglio tra i lavoratori non cattolici e tra gli intellettuali che favorivano cause sociali progressiste e una maggiore uguaglianza economica. Dopo aver ottenuto guadagni nelle elezioni federali del 1928 , Hermann Müller dell'SPD divenne cancelliere. [10] However, the party began to move away from revolutionary socialism at the turn of the 20th century. [7] In addition, the SPD-steered provisional government introduced binding state arbitration of labor conflicts, created worker's councils in large industrial firms, and opened the path to the unionization of rural labourers. However, after Müntefering said her election indicated that he had lost the confidence of the party and he would therefore resign, Nahles turned down the post of secretary general to prevent the party splitting. Protection from dismissal was extended. Earlier the same year, leadership of the SPD had changed from chancellor Gerhard Schröder to Franz Müntefering, in what was widely regarded as an attempt to deal with internal party opposition to the economic reform programs set in motion by the federal government. Risultati del collegio elettorale, 1919 Assemblea nazionale di Weimar. Led by Gerhard Schröder on a moderate platform emphasizing the need to reduce unemployment, the SPD emerged as the strongest party in the September 1998 elections with 40.9% of the votes cast. In 1896, the National Liberals and Conservatives in Saxony replaced the democratic vote with a Prussian-style three-tiered suffrage, upper class votes counting the most. A leader of the … ", Lidtke, Vernon L. "Naturalism and socialism in Germany. From the beginning of this teaming up between Party chair Lafontaine and chancellor candidate Schröder during the election campaign 1998, rumors in the media about their internal rivalry persisted, albeit always being disputed by the two. "Help for the vulnerable" was renamed "help for overcoming particular social difficulties," and the number of people eligible for assistance was greatly extended to include all those "whose own capabilities cannot meet the increasing demands of modern industrial society." Con 16 eurodeputati , è il terzo partito più grande del gruppo. On 25 July 1914, the SPD leadership appealed to its membership to demonstrate for peace and large numbers turned out in orderly demonstrations. [19] This new piece of legislation took into account all grievances voiced during the war and, for the first time in social legislation in Germany, considered child maintenance in calculating widows’ pensions. Anti-socialist campaigns were counterproductive. In the modern Federal Republic of Germany, the SPD are the second largest party after the CDU and are currently (as of 2017) in government as a junior coalition partner to Chancellor Angela Merkel's CDU. Istituito nel 1863, l'SPD è di gran lunga il più antico partito politico esistente rappresentato nel Bundestag ed è stato uno dei primi partiti marxisti al mondo. Per le elezioni fino al 1933, il parlamento si chiamava Reichstag, tranne quello del 1919 che si chiamava Assemblea Nazionale e dal 1949 il parlamento si chiama Bundestag. The party had a choice between becoming more radical (which could weaken the Communists but lose its base among the middle class) or stay moderate, which would damage its base among the working class. On 20 July 1932, the SPD-led Prussian government in Berlin, headed by Otto Braun, was ousted by Franz von Papen, the new Chancellor, by means of a Presidential decree. [84], Educational reforms were introduced which led to the setting up of new colleges and universities, much greater access for young people to the universities, increased provision for pre-school education, and a limited number of comprehensive schools. An exile organization, known as Sopade, was established, initially in Prague. was increased from 1970 with the help of a new programme. So there was the urgency to form new coalitions with the Left who have a similar political agenda than the weakened Green Party or the other conservative parties in Germany. In the current German government, the SPD is now the junior partner in a grand coalition with the CDU/CSU under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel, with Olaf Scholz as Vice-Chancellor. Nella libera città anseatica di Brema , l'SPD governa ininterrottamente dal 1949. However, Müntefering resigned as party chairman and was succeeded as chairman by Matthias Platzeck, minister-president of Brandenburg. The SDP voted against the Enabling Act in March, 1933, which gave Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers. The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands — SPD) is Germany's oldest political party in the German Parliament.The party governed at the federal level in a grand coalition with the Christian Democratic Union and the Christian Social Union from 2005 until October 27, 2009. Edwards, Health financing and costs: a comparative study of trends in eighteen countries with special reference to India by Sonya Gill and Shirish N. Kavadi, Mobilizing against nuclear energy: a comparison of Germany and the United States by Christian Joppke, Helmut Schmidt, Perspectives on Politics edited by Wolfram F Hanrieder, Housing, Welfare and the State in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, France and Germany by Mark Kleinman, The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an era edited by Eva Kolinsky, The American impact on postwar Germany by Reiner Pommerin, Modernising the welfare state: the Blair legacy by Martin A. Powell, Social Democracy in Power: The Capacity to Reform by Wolfgang Merkel, Alexander Petring, Christian Henkes, and Christopher Egle, Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany, Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative, "The American labor legislation review. In addition to workers' councils at national, regional, and factory level, the government made provision for economic councils in which employers and employees would work together on matters affecting the economy as a whole (such as nationalisation) and lend support to the Weimar parliament. Questo accordo è stato rinnovato dopo le elezioni federali del 2017 . As noted by Heinrich Potthoff and Susanne Miller: Here, and in their work in the administration of industrial insurance, in community employment offices and courts of arbitration, lay one of the roots of the gradual penetration by the Social Democrats of the imperial German state.[7]. The Federal Law on Personnel Representation, which came into force in April 1974, gave increased co-management rights to those employed in factories and offices in the public sector. Durante la rivoluzione pacifica nella Germania orientale, l' SPD della Germania orientale è stato rifondato. [27] Educational opportunities were further widened by the promotion of adult education and culture. Its ever-increasing tendency towards liberal economic policies and cutbacks in government spending on social welfare programs led to a dramatic decline in voter support. [59], The Second Sickness Insurance Modification Law linked the indexation of the income-limit for compulsory employee coverage to the development of the pension insurance contribution ceiling (75% of the ceiling), obliged employers to pay half of the contributions in the case of voluntary membership, extended the criteria for voluntary membership of employees, and introduced preventive medical check-ups for certain groups.

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